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participants in a peasant movement in England who emerged in 1645, during the English Bourgeois Revolution of the 17th century. From March to November 1645 the movement embraced the counties of southwestern and western England, as well as Wales. Peasant-copyholders made up the nucleus of the clubmen, who were dissatisfied that Parliament had ignored their demands for the abolition of the copyhold ...

Pseud. Of François L'Hermite. 1601–55, French playwright and poet. Poor and plagued by ill health, he was a page in the court of Henry IV but fled to England, Norway, and Spain after a series of duels. Returning to France in 1620 he recounted his adventures in Le page discracié. (1645). In addition to writing poetry, Tristan produced several successful plays, including the tragedies La Mariane...

... born 1614?, Greenwich, near London, Eng.—died Aug. 29, 1657, Eltham, Kent) English revolutionary. A Separatist, he joined the Puritan opposition to Charles I and helped smuggle Puritan pamphlets into England, for which he was imprisoned (1638–40). He became an officer in the Parliamentary army but resigned in 1645 rather than subscribe to the Solemn ...

... also, Lennart Torstenson). Born Aug. 17, 1603, in Torstena Castle, Västergötland; died Apr. 7, 1651, in Stockholm. Swedish military leader during the Thirty Years’ War (1618–48). Field marshal from 1641; count.Torstensson was the chief assistant to Gustavus II Adolphus in the reorganization of the Swedish artillery. He commanded the field artillery ...

... also, Lennart Torstenson). Born Aug. 17, 1603, in Torstena Castle, Västergötland; died Apr. 7, 1651, in Stockholm. Swedish military leader during the Thirty Years’ War (1618–48). Field marshal from 1641; count.Torstensson was the chief assistant to Gustavus II Adolphus in the reorganization of the Swedish artillery. He commanded the field artillery ...