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Born in 1559; died in 1626. Manchu (Jurchen) chieftain. In 1583, Nurhachi became the leader of a tribe of Chien-chou Jurchen in the northern Liao-tung Peninsula. He was a nominal vassal of the Chinese Ming Empire. By 1616 he had united the Jurchen tribes and formed a military-state organization known as the Eight Banners, which played a major ...

Born 1068; died 1123. Founder and first emperor (1115–23) of the Chin dynasty in China.In 1113, Akuta became the leader of the Jurchen family of Wan-Nien, who had to pay tribute to the Khitans. In 1114 he led the Jurchen tribes against the Khitans and occupied most of their forts in Manchuria. He proclaimed himself emperor in 1115 and gave his dynasty ...

People who lived in Manchuria for many centuries and who ruled China from 1644 until 1912. These people, related to the Tungus, were descended from the Jurchen, a tribe known in Asia since the 7th cent. They were first called Manchu in the early 17th cent. Originally pastoral nomads in Manchuria, the Manchu (or Jurchen) swept into N China in the early 12th cent. But were forced ...

... . He attacked (1213) the Jurchen-ruled Chin empire of N China and by 1215 had occupied most of its territory, including the capital, Yenching (now Beijing). From 1218 to 1224 he conquered Turkistan, Transoxania, and Afghanistan and raided Persia and E Europe to the Dnieper River. Jenghiz Khan ruled one of the greatest land empires the world has ever known. He ...

... buildings. Domestic pottery, weapons made of iron, and Chinese coins were discovered in the dwellings. The fortress was an important administrative and military center of the Jurchen state of Chin in what is now Primor’e Krai.REFERENCESOkladnikov, A. P. Dalekoe proshloe Primor’ia. Vladivostok, 1959.