Search Results

... VII (1073–85) supported the Patarines in order to use them in his struggle with the bishops, who were protégés of the emperor. Armed clashes between the Patarines and the feudal lords and clergy took place in Milan, Brescia, Parma, and Piacenza. The rebels were joined by vavasors, or petty feudal lords. The Patarine movement was crushed by the 1080’s. However ...

... for the activities of the Patarines as a result of which a commune was established in 1097–98 (it had emerged as early as the mid-11th century). Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, whose authority Milan had refused to acknowledge in 1158, destroyed the city in 1162 after a long siege. Rebuilt with the aid of the Lombard League, Milan played an active role in routing ...