(a.) Designating or pertaining to, gods or spirits of the underworld; especially, relating to the underworld gods of the Greeks, whose worship is widely considered as more primitive in form than that of the Olympian gods. The characteristics of chthonian worship are propitiatory and magical rites and generalized or euphemistic names of the deities, which are supposed to have been primarily ghosts.
Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
| APA | Webster's. (2011). chthonian. Retrieved September 22, 2026, from http://smartdefine.org/chthonian/definitions/1987316 |
| Chicago | Webster's. 2011. "chthonian" http://smartdefine.org/chthonian/definitions/1987316 (accessed September 22, 2026). |
| Harvard | Webster's 2011, chthonian, Smart Define, viewed 22 September, 2026, <http://smartdefine.org/chthonian/definitions/1987316>. |
| MLA | Webster's. "chthonian" 27 May 2011. Web. 22 September 2026. <http://smartdefine.org/chthonian/definitions/1987316> |