Term generally applies to a non-integrated oil or natural gas company, usually active in only one or two sectors of the industry. An' INDEPENDENT' marketer buys petroleum products from major or independent refiners and resells them under his own brand name or buys natural gas from producers and resells it. There are also independents which are active exclusively either in oil or gas production or refining.
Barry Goldsmith
| APA | Barry Goldsmith. (2010). independent. Retrieved September 20, 2026, from http://smartdefine.org/independent/definitions/1155930 |
| Chicago | Barry Goldsmith. 2010. "independent" http://smartdefine.org/independent/definitions/1155930 (accessed September 20, 2026). |
| Harvard | Barry Goldsmith 2010, independent, Smart Define, viewed 20 September, 2026, <http://smartdefine.org/independent/definitions/1155930>. |
| MLA | Barry Goldsmith. "independent" 21 October 2010. Web. 20 September 2026. <http://smartdefine.org/independent/definitions/1155930> |